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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">OpenEmbedded</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">OpenEmbedded</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">75+ developers<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://git.openembedded.org/openembedded-core">git<wbr>.openembedded<wbr>.org<wbr>/openembedded-core</a></span> </li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Build_automation" title="Build automation">Build automation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openembedded.org/">www<wbr>.openembedded<wbr>.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>OpenEmbedded</b> (<b>OE</b>) is a <a href="Build_automation" title="Build automation">build automation</a> <a href="Software_framework" title="Software framework">framework</a> and <a href="Cross_compiler" title="Cross compiler">cross-compile</a> environment used to create <a href="Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a> for <a href="Embedded_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedded device">embedded devices</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-official_website_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official_website-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The framework is developed by the OpenEmbedded community, which was formally established in 2003. OpenEmbedded is the recommended build system of the <a href="Yocto_Project" title="Yocto Project">Yocto Project</a>, which is a <a href="Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">Linux Foundation</a> workgroup that assists commercial companies in the development of Linux-based systems for embedded products.
</p><p>The build system is based on <a href="BitBake" title="BitBake">BitBake</a>. A BitBake configuration file, called a recipe, specifies various information such as dependency and source code locations, how to build a package, and how to install and remove a compiled package. OpenEmbedded tools use these recipes to fetch and patch source code, compile and link binaries, produce binary packages (ipk, <a href="Deb_(file_format)" title="Deb (file format)">deb</a>, <a href="Rpm_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rpm (software)">rpm</a>), and create bootable <a href="Disk_image" title="Disk image">images</a>.
</p><p>Historically, OpenEmbedded recipes were stored in a single repository, and the metadata was structured as what is now called "OpenEmbedded-Classic". Starting in 2010, the structure was modified to better support the ever-growing number of recipes. Recipe metadata was split into multiple layers. The lowest layer, which includes platform-independent and distribution-independent meta data is called "OpenEmbedded-Core".<sup id="cite_ref-core_explain_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-core_explain-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Architecture-specific, application-specific and distribution-dependent instructions are applied in appropriate target support layers that can override or complement the instructions from lower layers. Additionally, changes to the recipes at the core layer are now managed with a pull model: instead of committing their changes directly to the repository (as was previously the case), developers now send patches to a mailing list. When approved, the patches are merged (pulled) by a maintainer.<sup id="cite_ref-core_explain_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-core_explain-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The OpenEmbedded framework can be installed and automatically updated via <a href="Git_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Git (software)">Git</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-official_website_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official_website-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The OpenEmbedded Image Creator, called Wic, can be used to generate disk image files; generally with extension <code>.wic</code>.
</p>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>
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<p>The <i>OpenEmbedded Project</i>, created by Chris Larson, Michael Lauer, and Holger Schurig, merged the achievements of <a href="OpenZaurus" title="OpenZaurus">OpenZaurus</a> with contributions from projects like <a href="Familiar_Linux" title="Familiar Linux">Familiar Linux</a> and <a href="OpenSIMpad" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenSIMpad">OpenSIMpad</a> into a common codebase. OpenEmbedded superseded these projects and was used to build any of them from the same code base.
</p><p><i>OpenEmbedded-Core</i> (OE-Core) resulted from the merge of the <a href="Yocto_Project" title="Yocto Project">Yocto Project</a> with OpenEmbedded.<sup id="cite_ref-yocto_oe_merge_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yocto_oe_merge-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, all package recipes are maintained through OpenEmbedded-Core.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Layer_organisation">Layer organisation</h2></div>
<p>OpenEmbedded-Core has adapted this layered structure in the merge with Yocto and new layer entries were added over time.<sup id="cite_ref-yocto_oe-core_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yocto_oe-core-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oe-core_layer_index_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oe-core_layer_index-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Layers represent a structure which is only of declarative nature. The specific entries are stricter in the scope of deciding which entry provides which packages. Overview of layers is available in: <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://layers.openembedded.org/layerindex/branch/master/layers/">layers<wbr>.openembedded<wbr>.org<wbr>/layerindex<wbr>/branch<wbr>/master<wbr>/layers<wbr>/</a></span>
</p>
<dl><dt>Developer layer</dt>
<dd>The user-defined layer for custom Bitbake recipes. Embedded system software developers would place their recipe here if the software would not fit the commercial or base layer.</dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Commercial layer</dt>
<dd>Packages, plugins, and configurations from <a href="Professional_open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional open-source">open source vendors</a> go in this layer.</dd></dl>
<dl><dt>UI-specific layer</dt>
<dd>Layers currently present within the meta-openembedded layer:
<ul><li>meta-efl (<a href="Enlightenment_(window_manager)" title="Enlightenment (window manager)">Enlightenment</a> window manager)</li>
<li>meta-gnome (<a href="GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> window manager)</li>
<li>meta-gpe (<a href="GPE_Palmtop_Environment" title="GPE Palmtop Environment">GPE</a> window manager)</li>
<li>meta-xfce (<a href="Xfce" title="Xfce">Xfce</a> window manager)</li></ul></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Hardware-specific layer</dt>
<dd>
<ul><li>meta-efikamx (<a href="Efika" title="Efika">Efika</a> devices)</li>
<li>meta-fsl-arm (<a href="Freescale_Semiconductor" title="Freescale Semiconductor">Freescale Semiconductor</a> officially supported development boards)</li>
<li>meta-fsl-arm-extra (<a href="Freescale_Semiconductor" title="Freescale Semiconductor">Freescale Semiconductor</a> community supported boards)</li>
<li>meta-handheld (<a href="Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">Personal digital assistants</a>, PDAs)</li>
<li>meta-intel (<a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> embedded devices)</li>
<li>meta-nslu2 (<a href="NSLU2" title="NSLU2">NSLU2</a> devices)</li>
<li>meta-openpandora (<a href="Openpandora" class="mw-redirect" title="Openpandora">Openpandora</a> devices)</li>
<li>meta-smartphone (various smartphone devices)</li>
<li>meta-ti (<a href="Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a> devices)</li>
<li>meta-xilinx (<a href="Xilinx" title="Xilinx">Xilinx</a> devices)</li>
<li>meta-altera (<a href="Altera" title="Altera">Altera</a> devices)</li>
<li>meta-ettus (Ettus Research <a href="USRP" class="mw-redirect" title="USRP">USRP</a> SDR devices)</li>
<li>(Others)</li></ul></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Yocto layer</dt>
<dd>
<ul><li>meta-yocto (Yocto Project layer<sup id="cite_ref-yocto_oe-core_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yocto_oe-core-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yocto_oe_merge_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yocto_oe_merge-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li></ul></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>OpenEmbedded-Core layer</dt>
<dd>
<ul><li>openembedded-core</li>
<li>meta-openembedded</li></ul></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distributions_supported">Distributions supported</h2></div>
<p>In OpenEmbedded-Classic, the configurations from Base- to the UI-Layer can be supplemented by various <a href="Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a>. The following list is available for OpenEmbedded:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m_distribution" title="Ångström distribution">Ångström distribution</a></li>
<li><a href="Kali_Linux" title="Kali Linux">KaliOS</a></li>
<li><a href="Openmoko" title="Openmoko">Openmoko</a></li>
<li><a href="SHR_(operating_system)" title="SHR (operating system)">SHR</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="SlugOS" title="SlugOS">SlugOS</a></li>
<li><a href="WebOS" title="WebOS">WebOS</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Others<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supported_hardware">Supported hardware</h2></div>
<p>Various devices are supported:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dt>Boards and processors</dt>
<dd>The <a href="BeagleBoard" title="BeagleBoard">BeagleBoard</a> from Texas Instruments, and a variety of devices based on an ARM CPU are supported.</dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Smartphones</dt>
<dd>Smartphones like the <a href="Nokia_N800" title="Nokia N800">Nokia N800</a> and <a href="Neo_FreeRunner" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo FreeRunner">Neo FreeRunner</a> are supported.</dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Porting to new hardware</dt>
<dd>The constellation of OpenEmbedded, especially the open design, allows it to get OpenEmbedded to adapt new hardware fairly easy.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
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<ul><li><a href="Buildroot" title="Buildroot">Buildroot</a> – Tool for building Linux</li>
<li><a href="Emdebian_Grip" title="Emdebian Grip">Emdebian Grip</a></li>
<li><a href="Familiar_Linux" title="Familiar Linux">Familiar Linux</a> – Linux distribution for iPAQ machines and other PDAs</li>
<li><a href="Openpandora" class="mw-redirect" title="Openpandora">Openpandora</a> – Handheld gaming computer<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li>
<li><a href="OpenZaurus" title="OpenZaurus">OpenZaurus</a> – Linux distribution</li>
<li><a href="T2_SDE" title="T2 SDE">T2 SDE</a> – Open source Linux distribution kit</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121109031439/http://www.openembedded.org/index.php/OpenEmbedded_Developers">"OpenEmbedded Developers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openembedded.org/index.php/OpenEmbedded_Developers">the original</a> on 2012-11-09.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-official_website-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-official_website_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-official_website_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrake2015" class="citation cs2">Brake, Cliff; et al. (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openembedded.org/wiki/Main_Page">"Welcome to OpenEmbedded"</a>, <i>OpenEmbedded Wiki</i>, Blacksburg, VA: openembedded.org</cite>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-core_explain-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-core_explain_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-core_explain_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEggleton2015" class="citation cs2">Eggleton, Paul (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openembedded.org/wiki/OpenEmbedded-Core">"OpenEmbedded-Core"</a>, <i>OpenEmbedded Wiki</i>, Blacksburg, VA: openembedded.org</cite>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-yocto_oe_merge-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yocto_oe_merge_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yocto_oe_merge_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111043849/http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/announcements/2011/03/yocto-project-aligns-technology-openembedded-and-gains-corporate-co">"Yocto Project Aligns Technology with OpenEmbedded and Gains Corporate Collaborators"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/announcements/2011/03/yocto-project-aligns-technology-openembedded-and-gains-corporate-co">the original</a> on 2012-01-11.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-yocto_oe-core-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yocto_oe-core_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yocto_oe-core_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yoctoproject.org/projects/openembedded-core">Yocto & OpenEmbedded Core Layers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110919012955/http://www.yoctoproject.org/projects/openembedded-core">Archived</a> 2011-09-19 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-oe-core_layer_index-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oe-core_layer_index_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130622041516/http://layers.openembedded.org/layerindex/">"OpenEmbedded Metadata Index - layers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://layers.openembedded.org/layerindex/">the original</a> on 2013-06-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-18</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007150132/http://shr-project.org/trac">"SHR"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shr-project.org/trac">the original</a> on 2011-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-30</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben Combee on Palm Developer Forum - Fri Jul 16, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://developer.palm.com/distribution/viewtopic.php?f=70&t=7946#p35619">Building static libs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726191848/https://developer.palm.com/distribution/viewtopic.php?f=70&t=7946">Archived</a> 2011-07-26 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.b2cinfosolutions.com/">"B2C Info Solutions"</a>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openembedded.org/wiki/Overview_of_OE_supported_machines">"Overview of OE supported machines"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-08</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.1/bsp-guide/bsp-guide.html">Yocto Project Board Support Package guide</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116060306/https://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/current/dev-manual/dev-manual.html#developing-a-board-support-package-bsp">"Yocto Project Development Manual"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/current/dev-manual/dev-manual.html#developing-a-board-support-package-bsp">the original</a> on 2021-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-28</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openembedded.org">Official website</a></span></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727034510/http://www.linuxtogo.org/~mickeyl/tools/FOSDEM2005.pdf">FOSDEM'05 presentation of OpenEmbedded</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727040940/http://www.linuxtogo.org/~mickeyl/tools/FOSDEM2007.pdf">FOSDEM'07 presentation of OpenEmbedded</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celinux.org/elc08_presentations/mlocke-elc2008-oe.pdf">ELC'08 presentation of OpenEmbedded</a></li></ul>
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</style><div id="Mobile_operating_systems880" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Mobile operating systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_mobile_operating_systems" title="Comparison of mobile operating systems">Comparison</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones, OSes</a></li>
<li><a href="Open_Handset_Alliance" title="Open Handset Alliance">Open Handset Alliance</a></li>
<li><a href="Open_Mobile_Alliance" title="Open Mobile Alliance">Open Mobile Alliance</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">Mobile app distributions</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_app_development" title="Mobile app development">Mobile app development</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b>Active</b>: <a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_custom_Android_distributions" title="List of custom Android distributions">forks</a></li>
<li><a href="Android_Go" title="Android Go">Android Go</a></li>
<li><a href="Wear_OS" title="Wear OS">Wear OS</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI</a>, <a href="HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a> (Linux kernel subsystem)</li>
<li><a href="ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a>
<ul><li><a href="ChromeOS_Flex" title="ChromeOS Flex">ChromeOS Flex</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="KaiOS" title="KaiOS">KaiOS</a>
<ul><li><a href="HMD_Global#Smart_Feature_OS" title="HMD Global">Smart Feature OS</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle firmware</a></li>
<li><a href="LuneOS" title="LuneOS">LuneOS</a></li>
<li><a href="Maemo#Maemo_Leste" title="Maemo">Maemo Leste</a></li>
<li><a href="Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><b>Defunct</b>: <a href="Bada_(operating_system)" title="Bada (operating system)">Bada</a></li>
<li><a href="Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a>
<ul><li><a href="B2G_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="B2G OS">B2G OS</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="MeeGo" title="MeeGo">MeeGo</a></li>
<li><a href="MontaVista" title="MontaVista">MontaVista</a>
<ul><li><a href="MotoMagx" title="MotoMagx">MotoMagx</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobilinux" title="Mobilinux">Mobilinux</a></li></ul></li>
<li>
<ul><li><a href="%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m_distribution" title="Ångström distribution">Ångström</a></li>
<li><a href="Openmoko_Linux" title="Openmoko Linux">Openmoko Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="QtMoko" class="mw-redirect" title="QtMoko">QtMoko</a></li>
<li><a href="SHR_(operating_system)" title="SHR (operating system)">SHR</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="OpenEZX" title="OpenEZX">OpenEZX</a></li>
<li><a href="WebOS" title="WebOS">WebOS</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a>/<br><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b>Active</b>: <a href="Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora Mobility</a></li>
<li><a href="Manjaro" title="Manjaro">Manjaro</a> ARM</li>
<li><a href="PostmarketOS" title="PostmarketOS">postmarketOS</a></li>
<li><a href="PureOS" title="PureOS">PureOS</a></li>
<li><a href="Sailfish_OS" title="Sailfish OS">Sailfish OS</a></li>
<li><a href="SteamOS" title="SteamOS">SteamOS</a></li>
<li><a href="Ubuntu_Touch" title="Ubuntu Touch">Ubuntu Touch</a>
<ul><li><a href="UBports" class="mw-redirect" title="UBports">UBports</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mobian" title="Mobian">Mobian</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><b>Defunct</b>: <a href="Maemo" title="Maemo">Maemo</a>
<ul><li><a href="Mer_(software_distribution)" title="Mer (software distribution)">Mer</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Moblin" title="Moblin">Moblin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="XNU" title="XNU">XNU</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>
<ul><li><a href="IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></li>
<li><a href="WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a>
<ul><li><a href="BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li>
<li><a href="BlackBerry_Tablet_OS" title="BlackBerry Tablet OS">BlackBerry Tablet OS</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft<br>Windows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Windows_XP_editions#Tablet_PC_Edition" title="Windows XP editions">Windows XP Tablet PC Edition</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Mobile</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a>
<ul><li><a href="Windows_Phone_7" title="Windows Phone 7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Phone_8" title="Windows Phone 8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Phone_8.1" title="Windows Phone 8.1">8.1</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Windows_RT" title="Windows RT">Windows RT</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_10_Mobile" title="Windows 10 Mobile">Windows 10 Mobile</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>
<ul><li><a href="Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Zircon_(microkernel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zircon (microkernel)">Zircon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Fuchsia_(operating_system)" title="Fuchsia (operating system)">Fuchsia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, <a href="NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="PlayStation_Vita_system_software" title="PlayStation Vita system software">PlayStation Vita system software</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a>,<br><a href="HarmonyOS_NEXT" title="HarmonyOS NEXT">HarmonyOS NEXT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b>Active</b>: <a href="OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a></li>
<li><a href="HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a>
<ul><li><a href="HarmonyOS_NEXT" title="HarmonyOS NEXT">HarmonyOS NEXT</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<ul><li><b>Defunct</b>: <a href="EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI</a> (non GMS-based)</li>
<li><a href="LiteOS" title="LiteOS">LiteOS</a></li>
<li>Huawei Band OS</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="FreeRTOS" title="FreeRTOS">FreeRTOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Amazfit OS
<ul><li>Zepp OS</li></ul></li>
<li>MIUI Band OS</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a><br>system software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Nintendo_3DS_system_software" title="Nintendo 3DS system software">Nintendo 3DS system software</a></li>
<li><a href="Nintendo_DSi_system_software" title="Nintendo DSi system software">Nintendo DSi system software</a></li>
<li><a href="Nintendo_Switch_system_software" title="Nintendo Switch system software">Nintendo Switch system software</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Minix_3" title="Minix 3">Minix 3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Intel_Management_Engine" title="Intel Management Engine">Intel Management Engine</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="S60_(software_platform)" title="S60 (software platform)">S60</a></li>
<li><a href="Series_80_(software_platform)" title="Series 80 (software platform)">S80</a></li>
<li><a href="Series_90_(software_platform)" title="Series 90 (software platform)">S90</a></li>
<li><a href="UIQ" title="UIQ">UIQ</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Binary_Runtime_Environment_for_Wireless" title="Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless">Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless</a> (BREW)</li>
<li><a href="BlackBerry_OS" title="BlackBerry OS">BlackBerry OS</a></li>
<li><a href="EPOC_(operating_system)" title="EPOC (operating system)">EPOC</a></li>
<li><a href="GEOS_(16-bit_operating_system)" title="GEOS (16-bit operating system)">GEOS</a></li>
<li><a href="Magic_Cap" title="Magic Cap">Magic Cap</a></li>
<li><a href="Nokia_Asha_platform" title="Nokia Asha platform">Nokia Asha platform</a></li>
<li><a href="PalmDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PalmDOS">PalmDOS</a></li>
<li><a href="Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a></li>
<li><a href="PlayStation_Portable_system_software" title="PlayStation Portable system software">PlayStation Portable system software</a></li>
<li><a href="Series_30" class="mw-redirect" title="Series 30">S30</a></li>
<li><a href="Series_30%2B" title="Series 30+">S30+</a></li>
<li><a href="Series_40" title="Series 40">S40</a></li>
<li><a href="Sony_Ericsson_Java_Platform" title="Sony Ericsson Java Platform">Sony Ericsson Java Platform</a></li>
<li><a href="ThreadX" title="ThreadX">ThreadX</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="Portal%3ASoftware" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Software">Software</a></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Mobile operating systems</li>
<li>Mobile applications</li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3ATelecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mobile_phones689" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mobile_phones689" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phones</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Mobile<br>networks</a>,<br>protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Channel_capacity" title="Channel capacity">Channel capacity</a></li>
<li><a href="Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequencies</a></li>
<li><a href="Multi-band_device" title="Multi-band device">Multi-band</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Network operator</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_mobile_network_operators" title="List of mobile network operators">list</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Roaming" title="Roaming">Roaming</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phone_signal" title="Mobile phone signal">Signal</a></li>
<li><a href="SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a>
<ul><li><a href="Dual_SIM" title="Dual SIM">dual SIM</a></li>
<li><a href="ESIM" title="ESIM">eSIM</a></li>
<li><a href="SIM_lock" title="SIM lock">SIM lock</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Standards comparison</a></li>
<li><a href="Tethering" title="Tethering">Tethering</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_VoIP" title="Mobile VoIP">VoIP</a></li>
<li><a href="Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">WAP</a></li>
<li><a href="XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">XHTML-MP</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_mobile_phone_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile phone generations">Generations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b>Analogue</b>:</li>
<li><a href="Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a></li>
<li><a href="1G" title="1G">1G</a></li>
<li><b>Digital</b>:</li>
<li><a href="2G" title="2G">2G</a></li>
<li><a href="3G" title="3G">3G</a>
<ul><li><a href="3G_adoption" title="3G adoption">adoption</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">3.5G</a></li>
<li><a href="4G" title="4G">4G</a></li>
<li><a href="LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">4.5G</a></li>
<li><a href="5G" title="5G">5G</a></li>
<li><a href="6G" title="6G">6G</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br>operation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mobile_phone_feature" title="Mobile phone feature">Features</a></li>
<li><a href="GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>
<ul><li><a href="GSM_services" title="GSM services">services</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Operating system</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Security</a>
<ul><li><a href="Phone_cloning" title="Phone cloning">phone cloning</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Telephony</a>
<ul><li><a href="Airplane_mode" title="Airplane mode">airplane mode</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">Text messaging</a>
<ul><li><a href="Short_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Message Service">SMS</a></li>
<li><a href="Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">MMS</a></li>
<li><a href="Rich_Communication_Services" title="Rich Communication Services">RCS</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phone_spam" title="Mobile phone spam">Spam</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phone_tracking" title="Mobile phone tracking">Tracking</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_web" title="Mobile web">Web browsing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile<br>devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b>Manufacturers</b></li>
<li><a href="List_of_3D-enabled_mobile_phones" title="List of 3D-enabled mobile phones">3D phone</a></li>
<li><a href="Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera phone</a></li>
<li><a href="Car_phone" title="Car phone">Car phone</a></li>
<li><a href="Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature phone</a></li>
<li><a href="Projector_phone" title="Projector phone">Projector phone</a></li>
<li><a href="Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">Satellite phone</a></li>
<li><a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Form_factor_(mobile_phones)" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Form factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Bar" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Bar</a></li>
<li><a href="Clamshell_design" title="Clamshell design">Flip</a></li>
<li><a href="Phablet" title="Phablet">Phablet</a></li>
<li><a href="Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slider" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slider</a></li>
<li><a href="Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slate" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slate</a></li>
<li><a href="Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">Smartwatch</a></li>
<li><a href="Foldable_smartphone" title="Foldable smartphone">Fold</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Comparison_of_smartphones" title="Comparison of smartphones">Smartphones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android devices</a>
<ul><li><a href="Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">rooting</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="BlackBerry_10#Devices" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li>
<li><a href="IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>
<ul><li><a href="IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">iOS jailbreaking</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones</a></li>
<li><a href="Comparison_of_Symbian_devices" title="Comparison of Symbian devices">Symbian devices</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Windows_phones" title="List of Windows phones">Windows Phone devices</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile<br>specific<br><a href="Software" title="Software">software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mobile_app_development" title="Mobile app development">Development</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">Distribution</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_application_management" title="Mobile application management">Management</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mobile_commerce" title="Mobile commerce">Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Banking</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Marketing</a>
<ul><li><a href="Mobile_advertising" title="Mobile advertising">advertising</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_campaign" title="Mobile campaign">campaigns</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Payments</a>
<ul><li><a href="Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">contactless</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_donating" title="Mobile donating">donating</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_ticketing" title="Mobile ticketing">Ticketing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mobile_content" title="Mobile content">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mobile_blogging" title="Mobile blogging">Blogging</a></li>
<li><a href="Push_email" title="Push email">Email</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_gambling" title="Mobile gambling">Gambling</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">Gaming</a></li>
<li><a href="MHealth" title="MHealth">Health</a></li>
<li><a href="Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li>
<li><a href="M-learning" title="M-learning">Learning</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_music" title="Mobile music">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_news" title="Mobile news">News</a></li>
<li>Search
<ul><li><a href="Mobile_local_search" title="Mobile local search">local</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_social_network" title="Mobile social network">Social</a>
<ul><li><a href="Mobile_social_address_book" title="Mobile social address book">address book</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">Television</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Box_breaker" title="Box breaker">Box breaking</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phone_charm" title="Mobile phone charm">Charms</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_comic" title="Mobile comic">Comics</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_dating" title="Mobile dating">Dating</a></li>
<li><a href="Japanese_mobile_phone_culture" title="Japanese mobile phone culture">Japanese culture</a></li>
<li><a href="Cell_phone_novel" title="Cell phone novel">Novels</a></li>
<li><a href="Ringtone" title="Ringtone">Ringtones</a>
<ul><li><a href="Silent_mode" title="Silent mode">silent mode</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a></li>
<li><a href="SMS_language" title="SMS language">Txt-spk</a></li>
<li><a href="Wallpaper_(computing)" title="Wallpaper (computing)">Wallpaper</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment<br>and health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="De_Quervain_syndrome" title="De Quervain syndrome">BlackBerry thumb</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phones_and_driving_safety" title="Mobile phones and driving safety">Driving safety</a></li>
<li><a href="Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">Electronic waste</a></li>
<li><a href="Common_external_power_supply" title="Common external power supply">External power supply</a></li>
<li><a href="Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">Mental health from overuse</a></li>
<li><a href="Phantom_vibration_syndrome" title="Phantom vibration syndrome">Phantom vibration syndrome</a></li>
<li><a href="Wireless_device_radiation_and_health" title="Wireless device radiation and health">Radiation and health</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Law" title="Law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Carrier_IQ" title="Carrier IQ">Carrier IQ</a></li>
<li><a href="Legality_of_recording_by_civilians" title="Legality of recording by civilians">Legality of recording by civilians</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phones_in_prison" title="Mobile phones in prison">Mobile phones in prison</a></li>
<li><a href="Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li>
<li><a href="Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">Telephone tapping</a></li>
<li><a href="Texting_while_driving" title="Texting while driving">Texting while driving</a></li>
<li><a href="Restrictions_on_cell_phone_use_while_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States">USA use restrictions while driving</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ATelecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ATelephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Linux634" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Linux634" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="History_of_Linux" title="History of Linux">History</a></li>
<li><a href="Linus's_law" title="Linus's law">Linus's law</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux-libre" title="Linux-libre">Linux-libre</a></li>
<li><a href="Booting_process_of_Linux" title="Booting process of Linux">Booting process</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_kernel_oops" title="Linux kernel oops">Kernel oops</a></li>
<li><a href="Tux_(mascot)" title="Tux (mascot)">Tux</a></li>
<li><i>more…</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Criticism_of_Linux" title="Criticism of Linux">Criticism of Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="Criticism_of_desktop_Linux" title="Criticism of desktop Linux">Criticism of desktop Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="GNU/Linux_naming_controversy" title="GNU/Linux naming controversy">GNU/Linux naming controversy</a></li>
<li><a href="Tanenbaum%E2%80%93Torvalds_debate" title="Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate">Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate</a></li>
<li><a href="SCO%E2%80%93Linux_disputes" title="SCO–Linux disputes">SCO and Linux</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Distributions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_Linux_distributions" title="Comparison of Linux distributions">General comparison</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Linux_distributions" title="List of Linux distributions">Distributions list</a></li>
<li><a href="Comparison_of_netbook-oriented_Linux_distributions" title="Comparison of netbook-oriented Linux distributions">Netbook-specific comparison</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Linux_distributions_that_run_from_RAM" title="List of Linux distributions that run from RAM">Distributions that run from RAM</a></li>
<li><a href="Light-weight_Linux_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Light-weight Linux distribution">Lightweight</a></li>
<li><a href="Security-focused_operating_system#Linux" title="Security-focused operating system">Security-focused operating system</a></li>
<li><a href="Package_manager" title="Package manager">Package manager</a>
<ul><li><a href="Package_format" title="Package format">Package format</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_software_package_management_systems" title="List of software package management systems">List of software package managers</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="LinuxChix" title="LinuxChix">LinuxChix</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_Counter" title="Linux Counter">Linux Counter</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_Documentation_Project" title="Linux Documentation Project">Linux Documentation Project</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">Linux Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_Mark_Institute" title="Linux Mark Institute">Linux Mark Institute</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_user_group" title="Linux user group">Linux User Group (LUG)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_adoption" title="Linux adoption">Adoption</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_Linux_adopters" title="List of Linux adopters">Adopters</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_desktop_environments" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux desktop environments">Desktop</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_on_embedded_systems" title="Linux on embedded systems">Embedded</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux gaming">Gaming</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_for_mobile_devices" title="Linux for mobile devices">Mobile</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_range_of_use" title="Linux range of use">Range of use</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_malware" title="Linux malware">Linux malware</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="DistroWatch" title="DistroWatch">DistroWatch</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Free_Software_Magazine" title="Free Software Magazine">Free Software Magazine</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Full_Circle_(magazine)" title="Full Circle (magazine)">Full Circle</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Linux.com" title="Linux.com">Linux.com</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Linux_Format" title="Linux Format">Linux Format</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Linux_Gazette" title="Linux Gazette">Linux Gazette</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Linux_Journal" title="Linux Journal">Linux Journal</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Linux_Magazine" title="Linux Magazine">Linux Magazine</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="LinuxUser" title="LinuxUser">LinuxUser</a></i>
<ul><li><i><a href="Ubuntu_User" title="Ubuntu User">Ubuntu User</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Linux_Outlaws" title="Linux Outlaws">Linux Outlaws</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Linux_Voice" title="Linux Voice">Linux Voice</a></i></li>
<li><a href="LugRadio" title="LugRadio">LugRadio</a></li>
<li><a href="LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a></li>
<li><a href="Phoronix_Test_Suite#Phoronix_website" title="Phoronix Test Suite">Phoronix</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Revolution_OS" title="Revolution OS">Revolution OS</a></i></li>
<li><a href="The_Code_(2001_film)" title="The Code (2001 film)"><i>The Code</i></a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_computer_security_certifications" title="List of computer security certifications">Security<br>certifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="CompTIA_Linux%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="CompTIA Linux+">CompTIA Linux+</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_Foundation_Linux_Certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux Foundation Linux Certification">Linux Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="Red_Hat_Certification_Program" title="Red Hat Certification Program">Red Hat</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ALinux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux portal</a></b></li>
<li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AFree_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></b></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li></ul>
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<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Software_in_the_Public_Interest49" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Software_in_the_Public_Interest49" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Software_in_the_Public_Interest" title="Software in the Public Interest">Software in the Public Interest</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="0_A.D._(video_game)" title="0 A.D. (video game)">0 A.D.</a></li>
<li><a href="Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a></li>
<li><a href="Drizzle_(database_server)" title="Drizzle (database server)">Drizzle</a></li>
<li><a href="Drupal" title="Drupal">Drupal</a></li>
<li><a href="FFmpeg" title="FFmpeg">FFmpeg</a></li>
<li><a href="Fluxbox" title="Fluxbox">Fluxbox</a></li>
<li><a href="Freedesktop.org" title="Freedesktop.org">freedesktop.org</a></li>
<li><a href="FreedomBox" title="FreedomBox">FreedomBox</a></li>
<li><a href="Gallery_Project" title="Gallery Project">Gallery Project</a></li>
<li><a href="GNU_TeXmacs" title="GNU TeXmacs">GNU TeXmacs</a></li>
<li><a href="GNUstep" title="GNUstep">GNUstep</a></li>
<li><a href="Jenkins_(software)" title="Jenkins (software)">Jenkins</a></li>
<li><a href="LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a></li>
<li><a href="MinGW" title="MinGW">MinGW</a></li>
<li><a href="Open_and_Free_Technology_Community" title="Open and Free Technology Community">Open and Free Technology Community</a></li>
<li><a href="Open_Bioinformatics_Foundation" title="Open Bioinformatics Foundation">Open Bioinformatics Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="Open64" title="Open64">Open64</a></li>
<li><a href="OpenVAS" title="OpenVAS">OpenVAS</a></li>
<li><a href="OpenWrt" title="OpenWrt">OpenWrt</a></li>
<li><a href="OpenZFS" title="OpenZFS">OpenZFS</a></li>
<li><a href="PostgreSQL" title="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a></li>
<li><a href="Privoxy" title="Privoxy">Privoxy</a></li>
<li><a href="SproutCore" title="SproutCore">SproutCore</a></li>
<li><a href="X.Org_Foundation" title="X.Org Foundation">X.Org Foundation</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Martin_Michlmayr" title="Martin Michlmayr">Martin Michlmayr</a> (President)</li>
<li><a href="Bdale_Garbee" title="Bdale Garbee">Bdale Garbee</a></li></ul>
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